No single action prevents every respiratory infection. A layered approach can reduce risk and help protect people who may be more likely to become seriously ill.
Improve indoor air
When practical, bring in outdoor air, use effective ventilation and maintain filtration systems. Spending time outdoors or choosing well-ventilated spaces can also reduce exposure in many situations.
Stay home when sick
If you have symptoms of a respiratory infection, staying home and away from others while you are unwell can reduce the chance of passing an illness on. Follow local guidance for returning to normal activities, and take added precautions around people at higher risk.
Practice good hygiene
Wash hands with soap and water, especially before eating and after coughing, sneezing or using the bathroom. Cover coughs and sneezes with a tissue or your elbow, and clean frequently touched surfaces as appropriate.
Consider additional protection
A well-fitting mask, testing before a gathering or avoiding crowded indoor spaces may provide an additional layer of protection in some circumstances. These steps can be especially useful when respiratory viruses are increasing locally or when spending time with someone at higher risk.
Ask about vaccination
Vaccination recommendations vary by country, age and health circumstances. Discuss current options and potential benefits with a qualified healthcare professional or consult your local public health authority.